Grosjean was born and raised in Geneva, Switzerland, to a Swiss father and French mother. He is the grandson of Olympic alpine skier Fernand Grosjean and the great-grandson of weapons designer Edgar Brandt. Grosjean graduated from kart racing to junior formulae in 2003 under a Swiss license. He began his career in Formula LO before moving to French Formula Renault in 2004 with SG Formula. He dominated the 2005 season with 10 wins from 16 races. He then progressed to the Formula 3 Euro Series, winning the championship in 2007 amidst a title battle with Sébastien Buemi.
Grosjean graduated to the GP2 Series in 2008, finishing fourth in his rookie season and winning the Asia Series. He drove for ART in the inaugural GP2 Asia Series season, winning both races of the first round. He went on to win the championship with four race victories. Grosjean stayed with ART Grand Prix for the 2008 GP2 Series. He finished fourth in the season, achieving the distinction of being the highest-placed rookie in the championship.
A member of the Renault Sport Academy since 2006, Grosjean debuted in Formula One with Renault at the 2009 European Grand Prix, replacing Nelson Piquet Jr. for the remainder of the 2009 season. He returned to junior formulae in 2010, winning the Auto GP Series, as well as becoming a race-winner in FIA GT1. He then won the GP2 title in 2011, as well as another Asia Series.
In 2012, Grosjean returned to Formula One with Lotus alongside Kimi Räikkönen. He took his maiden podium finish at the Bahrain Grand Prix, repeating this feat in Canada and Hungary. Grosjean became the first driver to receive a race ban in eighteen years after causing a multi-car collision at the Belgian Grand Prix. He achieved six further podiums in 2013 as he finished a career-best seventh in the World Drivers' Championship. Partnered by Pastor Maldonado in 2014 and 2015, he achieved his final podium at the latter Belgian Grand Prix.
Grosjean moved to Haas for his 2016 campaign, ending his ten-year association with Team Enstone. He scored several points finishes in his 2017, 2018 and 2019 campaigns alongside Kevin Magnussen, finishing fourth at the 2018 Austrian Grand Prix. In 2020, Grosjean survived a crash during the opening lap of the Bahrain Grand Prix—his final race in Formula One—when his VF-20 split and caught fire after penetrating a metal crash barrier; he sustained second-degree burns and credited the halo device with saving his life.
Grosjean moved to the IndyCar Series in 2021 with Dale Coyne, achieving his maiden pole position and podium at the Grand Prix of Indianapolis. He scored several further podiums across the 2022 and 2023 seasons with Andretti. After contesting 2024 with Juncos Hollinger, Grosjean moved to sportscar racing with Lamborghini in the IMSA SportsCar Championship. On 13 February 2026, it was announced Grosjean signed with Dale Coyne Racing for the 2026 season.
Grosjean married French journalist and television presenter Marion Jollès on 27 June 2012 in Chamonix. They have been together since 2008 and have three children. After signing with Andretti Autosport and committing to racing full time in the IndyCar Series, he announced that he would be moving to Miami with his family.
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