Negrão began karting in 1998 before joining Piquet Sports for the 2003 Formula Three Sudamericana season. That team had been assembled primarily to accelerate Nelson Piquet Jr.'s single-seater progression. Negrão finished third in 2003 from eighteen starts, contributing two race wins and two pole positions for 151 points.
He remained with Piquet Sports for 2004 and dominated the championship: ten victories, seven poles, 240 points, and the title. He succeeded an unspecified predecessor as champion and was himself succeeded by Alberto Valerio (Betinho) in 2005. Alongside the championship campaign, Negrão made two British Formula Three Championship appearances that year for Carlin Motorsport at Spa-Francorchamps and Brands Hatch, finishing nineteenth overall from those two rounds.
Negrão moved to the GP2 Series for its inaugural 2005 season, still with Piquet Sports — entered that year under the name Hitech Piquet Sports. He scored four points from twenty-three starts, finishing nineteenth in the standings. In 2006 he improved to thirteenth with thirteen points across twenty-one starts, the season in which his teammate Piquet challenged Lewis Hamilton for the championship.
When Piquet departed for a Renault Formula One test role ahead of 2007, the team was renamed Minardi Piquet Sports and Negrão assumed the lead role. However, 2007 proved difficult: eight points from twenty-one starts and a twentieth-place championship finish, outscored by rookie teammate Roldán Rodríguez. His best individual result across his GP2 career was a second place in the Sprint race at Istanbul in 2007. He was not retained for 2008.
At the point of his departure from GP2, Negrão was the only driver to have entered every GP2 race since the series began in 2005. He held the record for most GP2 starts until it was later surpassed by Giorgio Pantano.
In the 2007–08 A1 Grand Prix season Negrão contested four rounds for A1 Team Brazil. His results included a thirteenth place in the sprint race and a fourteenth in the feature race at Shanghai.
From 2008 Negrão turned to sports car competition. He joined the Vitaphone Racing Team for the FIA GT Championship and participated in the 24 Hours of Le Mans with Vitaphone alongside Strakka Racing, driving an Aston Martin DBR9; the car retired after 82 laps.
In the FIA GT1 World Championship in 2010, Negrão raced a Maserati MC 12 for Vitaphone, making two starts and recording one race win and one pole position.
Between 2009 and 2012 Negrão competed in the Brazilian Stock Car Brasil series with A.Mattheis Motorsport and Full Time Sports. His finishing positions across the four seasons were twelfth, thirteenth, eighteenth, and twenty-sixth as the team's competitiveness waned.
Negrão married Brazilian actress Marina Ruy Barbosa in October 2017. The couple filed for divorce in January 2021.
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