In 1973, Alpine shifted its focus to endurance racing after achieving success in rally. The Alpine A440 Barchetta was conceived, powered by a 2.0-liter 270 HP Renault-Gordini V6 engine, and proved competitive.
The A441 was prepared as an evolution of the A440 for the 1974 season. It featured a higher wheelbase, a Hewland FGA400 gearbox, and a lighter engine that used magnesium and light alloys. The chassis was reinforced with aluminum sheets riveted to the tubular structure, and the engine became partially load-bearing. The suspension was also revised to alleviate the understeer suffered by the previous car. Four A441 prototypes were constructed and entrusted to French racing drivers, including Gérard Larrousse, Jean-Pierre Jabouille, Alain Serpaggi, and Alain Cudini.
The A441 debuted in the European Championship on April 7, 1974, at the Paul Ricard circuit. Alain Cudini finished first, and Jean-Pierre Jabouille finished eighth. On June 23, 1974, at the Trophée d'Auvergne on the Charade circuit, Gérard Larrousse won in an unofficial car, while Alain Serpaggi and Jean-Pierre Jabouille competed in official factory cars (Jabouille retired).
The third round, held on July 21, 1974, at Misano in Italy, saw Jean-Pierre Jabouille set the fastest lap and finish ahead of Alain Serpaggi. On August 11, 1974, in Enna, Italy, three Alpine A441s obtained prizes. Gérard Larrousse, driving for the Swiss Archambeaud team, won and set the fastest lap. Jean-Pierre Jabouille and Alain Serpaggi, driving for the Alpine team, also secured prizes.
At Hockenheim on August 25, Alain Serpaggi took first place, Jean-Pierre Jabouille finished eighth, and Gérard Larrousse retired. The sixth round took place at the Mugello Circuit in Italy on September 22, 1974. Gérard Larrousse won, ahead of Alain Serpaggi, with Jean-Pierre Jabouille coming fourth. The final round was at the Jarama circuit in Spain on October 20, 1974. Jean-Pierre Jabouille came first, followed by Gérard Larrousse; Alain Serpaggi retired.
The Alpine team took the Constructors' Championship title with seven victories for the Alpine A441, and Alain Serpaggi earned the European Drivers' Championship.
The following season, the car was entrusted to private teams. One example was equipped with a turbocharged engine by Garrett Systems for the development of its successor, the A442. Among the results obtained by private teams, Marie-Claude Beaumont and Lella Lombardi achieved a victory in the 2.0-liter class and fourth place overall at the 1000 km of Monza in 1975.
For the World Sports Prototypes Championship, the A441 model was transformed into the A441 Turbo (A441T). The difference was the engine: a 2-liter turbo engine developed by Bernard Dudot. The power of the motor increased to 490 hp at 9,900 revolutions per minute, compared to 485 hp at 9,800 rpm for the non-turbo version.
The A441 Turbo was first seen at the Mugello 1,000 km on March 23, 1975. Jean-Pierre Jabouille and Gérard Larrousse drove this new model and finished on the top steps of the podium. An Alpine A441, piloted by Marie-Claude Beaumont and Léa Lombardi for the Elf-Switzerland team, finished sixth in the same race.
The Renault Alpine team decided to end the use of the Alpine A441 to develop the A442 model. The A441 was subsequently used primarily for testing. However, it was still found in races with the Elf-Switzerland team. Notable appearances included the 1000 km of Monza on April 20, 1975, where the car finished fourth behind the A442. It was also present during testing at the 1000 km of the Nürburgring on June 1, 1975, and participated in the 1975 24 Hours of Le Mans as part of the Elf-Switzerland team. At the 1,000 km of Zeltweg on June 29, 1975, the pilot on board the A441 abandoned the race. The Alpine A441 was retired at the end of the 1975 season, making way for its successor, the A442.