Bölükbaşı began competing in motocross at the age of five, winning the Turkish Championship a year later. In late 2017 he was selected to join G2 Esports FA Racing, launching a professional esports career in which he competed across multiple seasons of the Formula One eSports Series. He raced for McLaren in the 2017 series, finishing fifth with 35 points and recording a race win. He switched to Toro Rosso for 2018, participating in four of ten rounds and finishing twelfth. In the 2019 series he took part in nine of twelve races, finishing 21st. During the 2020 lockdowns he won the inaugural championship of the Formula Renault Esport Series.
In May 2019 Borusan Otomotiv Motorsport announced Bölükbaşı's entry into the GT4 European Series. He achieved a second-place finish at Misano and ended the championship seventeenth overall. In 2020 he competed full-time, taking three pole positions, three race wins, and finishing second in the overall standings. He also made a guest appearance in the 2019 Formula Renault Eurocup at Hockenheim with M2 Competition, ineligible for points as a guest driver.
In January 2021 Bölükbaşı joined BlackArts Racing for the F3 Asian Championship, scoring points in thirteen of fifteen races with a best result of fifth, finishing ninth overall. He then competed part-time in the 2021 Euroformula Open Championship with Van Amersfoort Racing from round four onwards at the Hungaroring. He won the first race of his debut round, becoming the first esports driver to win a race in a formula series. He won a second race at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya and finished fifth in the overall standings despite missing the first three rounds.
He tested Formula Two machinery at Brno in October 2021 and completed the 2021 post-season test with Van Amersfoort Racing. On 12 January 2022 it was confirmed he would race in the 2022 FIA Formula 2 Championship with Charouz Racing System.
Bölükbaşı made his Formula 2 debut in Bahrain, qualifying twentieth. The early part of his season was disrupted by a concussion sustained during practice at Jeddah, which caused him to miss the round, and subsequently a broken rib sustained during in-season testing at Barcelona, which caused him to miss the Imola round. He returned at Barcelona and showed consistent race-craft in difficult machinery, recovering positions in sprint races throughout the season. At the Baku round a collision with Roy Nissany ended both drivers' races; Nissany was penalised, and Bölükbaşı's father received a fine of €5,000 after a confrontation with Nissany and his trainer in the paddock.
Bölükbaşı's contract with Charouz was terminated by mutual consent ahead of the Spa-Francorchamps round, with Bölükbaşı citing financial issues as the reason for the split. He was replaced by Tatiana Calderón.
Following his Formula 2 exit, Bölükbaşı participated in a Super Formula test in December 2022 alongside Liam Lawson. In March 2023 he was confirmed for the 2023 Super Formula Championship with TGM Grand Prix. His season was difficult; he scored points only in the opening three rounds with eighth and ninth-place finishes, finishing eighteenth in the standings with five points. He was replaced by Nobuharu Matsushita for 2024.
After leaving Super Formula, Bölükbaşı moved into endurance racing, joining DKR Engineering for the 2024 European Le Mans Series. He subsequently secured a seat with Nielsen Racing for the 2025 European Le Mans Series.
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