Schumacher was born in Germany and began karting alongside his cousin Mick. For much of his karting career he competed under his mother's maiden name Brinkmann, only adopting the Schumacher name in 2017 — his final year in karts — when he finished runner-up in the DKM Championship senior class to Dennis Hauger.
In 2018, Schumacher graduated to single-seaters under his father's US Racing team in the ADAC Formula 4 Championship, having also contested the Formula 4 UAE Championship earlier in January. In the UAE series he won three races and finished as vice-champion to Charles Weerts. In ADAC Formula 4 he scored consistent points, with three fourth-place finishes as his best results, taking the Rookies' Cup title for the year.
He then competed in selected rounds of the 2018 Euroformula Open Championship with RP Motorsport as a guest driver, and followed that with two rounds of the 2019 Asian F3 Winter Series with Pinnacle Motorsport, taking a podium at the Buriram International Circuit.
In 2019, Schumacher entered the inaugural season of the Formula Regional European Championship with US Racing, claiming four race victories — including two consecutive wins at Barcelona — along with five pole positions and five further podiums. He ended the season fourth in the championship.
Schumacher made his FIA Formula 3 Championship debut at the 2019 season finale in Sochi, standing in for injured Alex Peroni at Campos Racing. He also appeared at the 2019 Macau Grand Prix with Sauber Junior Team by Charouz.
For the 2020 season he joined Charouz Racing System full-time, later moving to Carlin mid-season. He failed to score points and finished 28th in the championship. His best result was twelfth at the Austria feature race.
In 2021, Schumacher raced for Trident Racing and delivered his breakthrough performances. He took his first FIA F3 points, podium, and victory at the Red Bull Ring in Race 2 of round three, having started from reverse-grid pole. He followed that with a second podium at Spa-Francorchamps, where he and teammate Jack Doohan delivered Trident their first ever one-two finish. Despite a strong mid-season, results faded toward the end of the year and he finished the season with 55 points — but his contribution helped Trident clinch the constructors' championship by four points.
He made further appearances in FIA F3 in 2022 with Charouz, deputising for Ayrton Simmons at Imola and returning at Zandvoort, while his primary programme had moved on to the DTM.
Schumacher made his full-time DTM debut in 2022. His season was disrupted by a series of crashes, including a notable collision with three-time champion René Rast at the Nürburgring. At the final event of the year, a collision with Thomas Preining resulted in a fracture of Schumacher's lumbar vertebrae. He failed to score points, ending the season 28th.
In 2023, he continued in the DTM while also joining the GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup with Winward Racing alongside Marius Zug and Miklas Born. His DTM campaign ended 25th, but in the Endurance Cup the trio took a class victory at the Nürburgring plus two further podiums, finishing third in the Gold Cup championship.
In 2024, Schumacher stepped down to the ADAC GT Masters with Haupt Racing Team, partnering Salman Owega. They dominated the Nürburgring round, winning both races with Schumacher taking pole on Sunday. Further wins at the Nürburgring and Hockenheimring followed, and the pair finished third in the overall championship.
For 2025, Schumacher returned to the GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup, driving a Ford Mustang GT3 for HRT Ford Performance.