De Silvestro raced for Newman Wachs Racing's Nuclear Clean Air Energy-Entergy team in the Atlantic Championship in 2008 and for Team Stargate Worlds in 2009. She won the Atlantic race at the 2008 Grand Prix of Long Beach, making her the second woman to win in that series after Katherine Legge. She won four times during the 2009 season and led in points for most of the season, ultimately finishing third in the standings after retiring at Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca.
De Silvestro competed full-time in the IndyCar Series for HVM Racing for the 2010 season. She qualified 22nd for the 2010 Indianapolis 500, finishing 14th and earning Indianapolis 500 Rookie of the Year honors. She suffered a burned right hand after a fiery crash at the Firestone 550 at Texas Motor Speedway on 5 June 2010. For the season, de Silvestro started seventeen races, finished ten, and recorded two top-ten finishes, with a best finish of eighth at Mid-Ohio. She finished nineteenth overall in the series standings and was runner-up to Alex Lloyd for rookie of the year honors.
The 2011 season began with fourth- and ninth-place finishes at St. Petersburg and Barber. At the São Paulo Indy 300, an accident between her and Hélio Castroneves put her nine laps down. De Silvestro received second-degree burns on her right hand in a crash during practice for the 2011 Indianapolis 500 on 19 May, caused by a mechanical failure in her No. 78 Dallara-Honda. She qualified 24th for the race. After a crash at the Milwaukee Mile during qualifying, de Silvestro withdrew from the race due to dizziness and impaired vision. She was not cleared to compete at the next race in Iowa due to continuing dizziness. De Silvestro missed round 13 of the season at Sonoma after being refused entry to the United States. She finished twentieth overall in the 2011 series standings.
De Silvestro returned to HVM Racing for the 2012 IndyCar Series season, piloting the No. 78 Nuclear Clean Air Energy sponsored Dallara-Lotus. The Lotus engine proved to be significantly underpowered compared to the Chevrolet and Honda engines used by the rest of the field. The underpowered engine made it impossible for de Silvestro to be competitive, resulting in consistently poor qualifying and race results. On several occasions, the car was black-flagged for failing to maintain the minimum safe speed, including the 2012 Indianapolis 500. Her best finish was 14th at Detroit and Iowa. She finished 24th overall in the series standings.
On 30 October 2012, de Silvestro signed on with KV Racing Technology for the 2013 IndyCar Series season, driving the No. 78 Dallara-Chevrolet with sponsorship from Nuclear Clean Air Energy. De Silvestro joined veteran driver Tony Kanaan. On 5 October 2013 at the Grand Prix of Houston, de Silvestro finished second in the first race for her first podium finish, joining Danica Patrick and Sarah Fisher as the only women in IndyCar history to record a podium finish.
On 2 April 2015, de Silvestro announced she would drive the Andretti Autosport No. 29 Honda in the 2015 IndyCar Series season in an attempt to make the Indianapolis 500. De Silvestro finished fourth in the second race of the season, the Indy Grand Prix of Louisiana.
On 19 January 2021, Paretta Autosport announced they would make their IndyCar debut at the 2021 Indianapolis 500 with de Silvestro as the driver in the No. 16 Rocket Pro Chevrolet.
In February 2014, Formula One team Sauber announced that de Silvestro would join the team as an "affiliated driver" and would undergo a year-long training programme with the team, with the ultimate objective of racing in 2015. De Silvestro began testing with the team at the end of April 2014 at Fiorano Circuit. She had her first drive in the 2012 Sauber on 26 April, completing 112 laps. However, in October 2014, Sauber team principal Monisha Kaltenborn stated that the team had suspended de Silvestro's driving chances due to contractual troubles.
On 15 June 2015, it was announced de Silvestro would drive for Andretti's Formula E team at the championship's double-header finale in London. She was confirmed with the team full-time for the 2015-16 season opposite Formula Renault 3.5 champion Robin Frijns.
In 2016, de Silvestro became the first female driver to score points in Formula E with a ninth place in the 2016 Long Beach ePrix. She finished the championship in eighteenth place with four points.
De Silvestro returned to the driving seat for Venturi Racing at the December 2018 Ad Diriyah test, where up to nine women took part. She placed tenth overall, fastest of all female drivers. Between 2019 and 2023, de Silvestro served as Porsche's reserve driver. In 2024, she participated in the all-female pre-season test held at Circuito del Jarama, joining new team Kiro Race Co..
On 19 August 2015, it was announced that de Silvestro would partner Renee Gracie at Prodrive Racing Australia in the Bathurst 1000 for V8 Supercars. The car finished 21st and forty laps down. On 5 September 2016, it was announced that de Silvestro had signed a three-year contract as a full-time driver for Nissan Motorsport in the Australian Supercars Championship, beginning from the 2017 season. This followed another appearance at Bathurst alongside Gracie, this time with the Nissan squad, where the pair finished 14th.
De Silvestro suffered a tumultuous debut season, starting on the back foot when she was spun by James Courtney in Adelaide. She largely avoided a multi-car pile-up in Tasmania before being penalized for a pit-lane infringement at Phillip Island. She crashed at the Bathurst 1000 with less than ten laps remaining. Strong performances at the season finale in Newcastle also went unrewarded when she was fenced by Tim Slade and spun by Scott McLaughlin, leaving her as the lowest-classified driver in the standings to complete every event.
De Silvestro improved to 23rd in the overall standings in 2018, claiming her first top-ten finish in a fuel conservation race in Newcastle. Following interest from Triple Eight Race Engineering to replace Craig Lowndes, de Silvestro remained with Kelly Racing for 2019. She picked up a best result of 7th in New Zealand following a safety car bungle. The Swiss confirmed her exit from the championship prior to the penultimate round at Sandown, finishing the season 19th in the standings.
De Silvestro made a cameo appearance in the 2023 Bathurst 1000 as a wildcard entry for Dick Johnson Racing; sharing a Ford Mustang with rookie Kai Allen, the pair finished a lap down in 20th.
In 2020, de Silvestro returned to Europe as a factory Porsche GT driver, contesting the 2020 ADAC GT Masters for Timo Bernhard's Team75 with Klaus Bachler. She finished 23rd in the championship with 41 points. The duo switched to Herberth Motorsport for the 2021 ADAC GT Masters.
In early 2022, de Silvestro announced that she had started training in the winter sport of bobsleigh, with a goal to compete for Italy at the 2026 Winter Olympics in monobob. Her first competitive event was the 2022 Swiss championships where she placed fifth. De Silvestro qualified for both the monobob and two-person disciplines through her results in the 2025–26 Bobsleigh World Cup, finishing 23rd overall in both.
De Silvestro is of Italian descent through her father and holds dual Swiss and Italian citizenship.
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