Gasly grew up in Normandy in a family with deep motorsport ties: his grandfather competed in karting, his grandmother was a kart champion, and his father Jean-Jacques raced in karting, endurance, and rallying before a co-driver's navigation error sent them off a mountain. Gasly began karting competitively at age ten in 2006 and reached the runner-up position in the 2010 CIK-FIA European Championship in the KF3 class. He made his single-seater debut in 2011 with the French F4 Championship, finishing third with seven podiums and wins at Spa, Albi, and Le Castellet.
Moving to Formula Renault Eurocup in 2012 with R-Ace GP, Gasly took podiums at Spa and the Nürburgring before joining Tech 1 Racing for 2013. He won the Formula Renault Eurocup title that year with victories at Moscow, the Hungaroring, and Le Castellet, securing the championship at Barcelona ahead of Oliver Rowland despite a late-race collision that earned Rowland a drive-through penalty. In 2014 Gasly was hired by Arden under the Red Bull Junior Team banner for Formula Renault 3.5, finishing runner-up to Carlos Sainz Jr. with eight podiums. His GP2 Series career ran from 2014 to 2016, beginning with a part-season at Caterham and two seasons with DAMS before joining Prema for 2016. Pressured by Red Bull advisor Helmut Marko to win the title or face removal from the programme, Gasly won the GP2 championship with Prema in a close fight with Antonio Giovinazzi. In 2017 he ran in Super Formula with Team Mugen, won two consecutive races, and finished runner-up by half a point after the final round at Suzuka was cancelled due to Typhoon Lan.
Gasly made his Formula One debut at the 2017 Malaysian Grand Prix with Toro Rosso, replacing Daniil Kvyat for the final races of the season. He became a full-time Toro Rosso driver for 2018, scoring his first points at the Bahrain Grand Prix with a fourth-place finish. In 2019 Gasly was promoted to Red Bull Racing to partner Max Verstappen. He struggled to match Verstappen's pace and was demoted back to Toro Rosso ahead of the Belgian Grand Prix with Alexander Albon taking his place. His return to the junior team produced an immediate improvement; most memorably at the 2019 Brazilian Grand Prix, where he qualified seventh and converted a sequence of front-running retirements into second place, holding off Lewis Hamilton at the line. It was Toro Rosso's best result since the 2008 Italian Grand Prix and Honda's first 1–2 since 1991. Gasly described the cool-down lap on team radio as "the best day of my life."
Retained for 2020 as Toro Rosso rebranded to Scuderia AlphaTauri, Gasly produced his finest drive at the Italian Grand Prix. An early pit stop promoted him to third during a safety car period; he inherited the lead when Hamilton entered the pit lane to serve a penalty and held off a charging Carlos Sainz Jr. to take his maiden Formula One victory. He became the 109th different grand prix winner and the first French driver to win since Olivier Panis at the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix. Gasly remained at AlphaTauri for 2021 and 2022, adding a podium at the 2021 Azerbaijan Grand Prix and scoring 110 points in 2021 — his highest single-season tally to that point.
Following Fernando Alonso's departure and Oscar Piastri's decision to join McLaren, Alpine targeted Gasly for 2023. He signed a multi-year contract worth in excess of $10 million per year to race alongside Esteban Ocon. His first Alpine podium came at the 2023 Dutch Grand Prix, where an early switch to intermediate tyres from twelfth on the grid ultimately moved him to third after a Sergio Pérez penalty. He ended his first Alpine season eleventh in the championship with 62 points, one place ahead of Ocon.
In 2024, Alpine struggled with a slow car at the start of the year. Gasly's breakthrough came at the rain-affected 2024 São Paulo Grand Prix, where he started thirteenth and finished third — his fifth career podium. He qualified a career-best third at Las Vegas but retired from that race. Final-season form lifted him to tenth in the drivers' championship with 34 of his 34 points coming in the final six races, which helped Alpine beat Haas to sixth in the constructors' standings.
Gasly extended his contract with Alpine in June 2024, first until the end of 2026 and then subsequently to 2028. For 2025 he partnered rookie Jack Doohan, who was replaced by Franco Colapinto from the Miami Grand Prix onwards. Gasly was disqualified from the Chinese Grand Prix after his Alpine A525 was found to be underweight, and he scored all of Alpine's 22 championship points for the 2025 season across 24 rounds. In 2026 he partnered Colapinto for Colapinto's first full season, as Alpine switched to Mercedes power units. Gasly scored his sixth career podium at the 2026 Monaco Grand Prix. As of the 2026 Barcelona-Catalunya Grand Prix, his Formula One record stands at one win, six podiums, and three fastest laps from 185 entries.
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