The car's troubled birth began with Adrián Campos, who had secured a 2010 entry under the Campos Meta 1 name and commissioned Dallara to design and build the chassis. Financial problems during the winter prevented Campos from paying Dallara or engine supplier Cosworth, meaning no testing could be carried out. Just weeks before the Bahrain season opener, the team was sold to investor José Ramón Carabante and renamed Hispania Racing F1, with Colin Kolles appointed team principal. The cars were rushed to Bahrain in barely race-ready condition.
The F110 was powered by a Cosworth CA2010 engine, shared with the Williams, Lotus and Virgin teams — the latter two also F1 newcomers in 2010. It used a seven-speed Xtrac gearbox and featured a "V"-profile nose cone drawing visual cues from the Red Bull RB5. Gary Anderson described the finished car as "a neat and tidy, if simple, package," while noting its precise aerodynamic sculpting around the sidepods and its triple-plane front wing. Technical consultant Geoff Willis was more direct, saying he was "disappointed at the level of engineering" and that it did not "reflect current F1 practice by quite some margin." Test driver Christian Klien compared its handling characteristics to a rally car after driving it at Singapore. Dallara and Hispania officially parted company on 26 May 2010.
The F110 completed its first laps during free practice at the 2010 Bahrain Grand Prix — the opening round of the season. Bruno Senna managed installation laps in the first session, but Karun Chandhok's car could not be made to function until Saturday. Both cars started the race from the pit lane; Chandhok crashed on lap two and Senna retired on lap 18 with an overheating engine.
In Australia the F110s again qualified at the back, but Chandhok took the car's first classified finish in 14th place — last among the runners, five laps behind the winner and ahead only of the next-to-last classified Lotus.
Malaysia produced the first double-finish for the team, with Chandhok and Senna crossing the line 15th and 16th, ahead of both delayed Lotus drivers. This kind of result — regularly beating the other 2010 new entrants — would define the F110's competitive horizon. The car's best qualifying result of the year was Senna's 18th on the Spa-Francorchamps grid, benefiting from mixed conditions that shuffled the order.
The season's most notable moment came at the inaugural Korean Grand Prix, where the wet and chaotic race allowed both Senna and Yamamoto to record their best finishes: 14th and 15th respectively, still last among classified runners but the F110's highest placings of the year.
Karun Chandhok drove 10 of the season's Grands Prix; Bruno Senna, Sakon Yamamoto and Christian Klien shared the remaining races. Klien's most prominent contribution was at Singapore, where he outqualified Senna by more than a second in his first competitive start since the 2006 Brazilian Grand Prix, with both HRT cars lining up ahead of Felipe Massa's Ferrari after the Ferrari driver failed to set a qualifying time.
Throughout 2010, the only modification made to the F110's physical specification was the repositioning of the side mirrors inboard to comply with a rule change ahead of the Chinese Grand Prix. No aerodynamic or mechanical updates were introduced. In a 2020 interview, Chandhok confirmed that the payment dispute between Campos and Dallara meant the team raced its launch specification car without a single upgrade for the entire year.
The F110 scored no World Championship points. Its best classified results — 14th place — were achieved three times: Chandhok at the Australian and Monaco Grands Prix, and Senna at the Korean Grand Prix. Despite these limitations, Hispania finished ahead of Virgin Racing in the Constructors' Championship because of a superior finishing record; Glock and di Grassi managed only two 14th-place finishes combined, versus three for the HRT drivers.
The F110 served as the basis for the F111, with Willis's revised car carrying over much of the architecture while introducing Williams-sourced hydraulics and a higher level of engineering rigour. The team continued in Formula One as HRT until the end of 2012, when it withdrew from the championship.