Noda was born in 2006 and started karting at the age of three under the influence of her father Hideki Noda, who raced in Formula One during the 1990s. In 2018 she was featured in a micro-documentary by Great Big Story. She tested single-seater race cars on Japanese circuits from the age of nine, making her official competition debut in the 2019 Lucas Oil Winter Race Series, where she finished fourteenth overall.
Noda made her Formula 4 debut in the 2020 F4 Danish Championship with her family's Noda Racing team. She won her first race in the series and finished sixth in the standings. She returned to Denmark in 2021 after a last-minute change of plan from the F4 United States Championship, finishing seventh. She had also been announced for the 2021 Formula 4 United States Championship with Jay Howard Driver Development, where she was fastest in practice in Round 1 at Road Atlanta but withdrew before qualifying and did not appear at further rounds.
Noda was included in the W Series for the 2022 season after appearing at the second pre-season test in Barcelona — the only driver to attend who was not an automatic qualifier or first-test attendee. She scored two championship points across the season, finishing fourteenth overall.
In 2023, Noda entered the Euroformula Open Championship with Noda Racing. A notable controversy arose over a technical regulation allowing female drivers to run at a minimum weight 26 kilograms lighter than male competitors. The regulation was abolished before the fifth round at the Red Bull Ring, requiring Noda's car to run at the same minimum weight as her male rivals. In response, Hideki Noda announced that Juju and the Noda Racing entry would retire from the series. Despite competing at only four of eight rounds, she finished eighth in the championship with 118 points and one race win at Circuit Paul Ricard.
Noda stepped up to Super Formula in 2024, partnering Nobuharu Matsushita at TGM Grand Prix. In doing so, she became the first Japanese woman to compete in Super Formula, Formula Nippon, or any of its predecessor series. The season was challenging: she never qualified higher than nineteenth in a 21-car field and lapped on average 1.7 seconds slower than the leaders, with a best race finish of twelfth in the penultimate round at Suzuka. For 2025, she moved to Triple Tree Racing, a new team set up by her father Hideki.
In October 2025, Noda sampled Formula E machinery for the first time during a women's test with Jaguar Racing ahead of the 2025–26 season at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo. She finished the morning and afternoon sessions tenth and ninth respectively, and was set to return with Jaguar for the rookie test at the 2026 Madrid ePrix.
Noda is a prominent figure in Japanese motorsport as a young female driver navigating elite-level competition. Her status as the first Japanese woman in Super Formula marked a significant milestone, and her multiclass experience across European and Japanese formulae at a young age, combined with her family background in motorsport, positions her as one of the notable rising talents in global junior racing.