Born into a Belgian motorsport dynasty, Martin began racing in 2006 with fourth place in the Formula Renault 1.6 Belgium series. He then spent two seasons in the Eurocup Mégane Trophy, finishing third in 2007 and runner-up in 2008 with six victories, also taking the French Renault Clio Cup title that year. In 2009 Martin moved into the FIA GT3 European Championship with AutoGT Racing, winning at Silverstone.
Martin's sportscar career gained momentum through the FIA GT1 World Championship from 2010, where he raced for Marc VDS Racing Team alongside Bas Leinders in a Ford GT. By 2011, partnering Frédéric Makowiecki, he won four races including both rounds at Ordos. Between 2011 and 2013 he raced in the Blancpain Endurance Series predominantly in a BMW Z4 GT3 for Marc VDS, finishing runner-up in 2012 alongside Leinders and Markus Palttala.
Martin made his debut in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2014 as a newly promoted BMW factory driver. At the Moscow Raceway, he took his first victory in the series — the first DTM win by a Belgian driver. In 2015 he claimed a second race victory, this time at the Nürburgring. His 2016 season brought only two podiums without a win, though it was the year he won the 24 Hours of Spa, following his father's footsteps in that race.
His most consistent DTM campaign came in 2017, when he finished the season with one victory and four podiums. That same year he departed BMW after five seasons as a factory driver. Over his DTM tenure Martin became associated with the RBM Team and was partnered by, among others, Tom Blomqvist for the 2016 season.
In 2018, Martin joined Aston Martin Racing as a factory driver for the FIA World Endurance Championship. In September 2020 he achieved one of the career's defining victories, winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the LMGTE Pro class alongside Alex Lynn and Harry Tincknell. He finished runner-up in the Drivers' standings for that WEC season.
Following Aston Martin's withdrawal from factory WEC involvement, Martin raced on Porsche machinery in 2021 before a full-season campaign in the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship in 2022, driving an Aston Martin Vantage GT3 for The Heart of Racing Team. He won two races in the GTD class including the 6 Hours of Watkins Glen.
In October 2022, BMW announced Martin's return to their factory driver roster. For 2023 he competed primarily in the GT World Challenge Europe partnering MotoGP champion Valentino Rossi in a BMW M4 GT3 for Team WRT, with the pair claiming victory at Misano — Rossi's maiden win in the championship. Martin also participated in BMW's testing programme for the M Hybrid V8. In 2026 he claimed the 24 Hours of Nürburgring for Mercedes-AMG. He currently competes in the FIA World Endurance Championship with Iron Lynx.
As both a race winner in the DTM and a 24 Hours of Le Mans class victor, Martin bridges two of European motorsport's great disciplines. His 2016 Spa 24 Hours win — following his father Jean-Michel's four victories and uncle Philippe's two in the same race — made the Martins the most decorated family in that event's history.