Belov began his professional single-seater career in the SMP F4 Championship in 2017 with SMP Racing, finishing eighth overall and claiming his first podium in the final race of the season with a third-place finish. In 2018 he continued in the SMP F4 Championship, claiming five wins including at the NRING Circuit and finishing second in the championship behind Konsta Lappalainen. That same year he won the Formula Academy Finland title.
In 2019 Belov raced in the Italian F4 Championship with Bhai Tech Racing, finishing on the podium in the first two races and ending the season fourth overall. He also contested the ADAC Formula 4 Championship with R-ace GP, winning one race at the Sachsenring and finishing eighth.
Belov participated in the post-season Formula Renault Eurocup rookie test at the end of 2019. In the 2019-20 F3 Asian Championship he competed for BlackArts Racing Team, finishing eleventh overall. During the 2020 season he drove for M2 Competition and subsequently R-ace GP in the Formula Renault Eurocup, finishing thirteenth combined. He also replaced David Schumacher at Charouz Racing System for the final six rounds of the 2020 FIA Formula 3 Championship following the Barcelona round, finishing twenty-third overall.
In 2021 Belov joined JD Motorsport as a wildcard entrant for the Formula Regional European Championship's fourth round at Circuit Paul Ricard, earning two podium finishes despite not being eligible for championship points. He subsequently signed with G4 Racing for the remainder of the season, securing two wins — at Spa-Francorchamps and Valencia — and finishing eighth in the overall standings.
In 2022 Belov signed with MP Motorsport for his second Formula Regional European Championship season. He scored a podium in the opening round at Monza but was forced to stop his campaign at the halfway point due to travel issues, nevertheless finishing seventh in the standings.
Belov returned to the Formula Regional European Championship in 2023 with G4 Racing, finishing twentieth with 23 points, but was again unable to complete the final two rounds. In 2024 he made a stand-in appearance for Trident, deputising for injured Roman Bilinski across three rounds and scoring a second-place podium finish. He stated he needed that result to revive his career following periods of financial difficulty and the fallout from the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
For 2025 Belov joined CL Motorsport for the second round of the Formula Regional European Championship at Spa, completing the season fifteenth overall.
Belov made his Eurocup-3 debut in October 2024 at the Jerez round for Drivex. In 2025 he made appearances in Eurocup-3 at Assen and at the Barcelona season finale with Drivex, taking a podium in the series.
During the winter before 2026 Belov contested the Formula Regional Middle East Trophy with CL Motorsport, but departed the team after the first round at Yas Marina following an incident in which he collided with Reza Seewooruthun and missed the third race.
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