Bulega began racing aged eight in the Italian Minimoto Championship. He won the Italian and European MiniGP 50 championships in 2011, then the Italian PreGP 125 title in 2012 and the PreGP 250 title in 2013. He entered the FIM CEV Moto3 Championship in 2014, and in 2015 won the Moto3 Junior World Championship while also making his Grand Prix debut at Valencia with Sky Racing Team VR46, scoring four points.
Bulega raced full-time in the Moto3 World Championship with Sky Racing Team VR46 from 2016 to 2018. His standout moment came in 2016 at Jerez, where he took pole position and finished second — his first GP podium from his first career pole. He ended 2016 seventh in the championship with 129 points. However, his subsequent seasons in Moto3 were progressively disappointing: twelfth in 2017 with 81 points and twenty-sixth in 2018 with just 18 points, the bike's dimensions increasingly ill-suited to his frame.
Sky VR46 moved him to Moto2 for 2019, where he partnered Luca Marini at the team and managed four top-ten finishes to place seventeenth in the standings with 48 points. Two further seasons with Gresini in Moto2 (2020 and 2021) yielded little improvement; his 2021 tally of 12 points was his lowest full-season total, and Gresini elected not to retain him.
In 2022 Bulega joined the Aruba.it Racing WorldSSP team on a Ducati Panigale V2 and finished fourth in his debut WorldSSP season. The 2023 campaign was a masterclass of front-running consistency: he won 14 races and took 18 podiums, clinching the 2023 World Supersport Championship at the Portuguese Round with three races still remaining, becoming champion at just 23 years old.
Announced as Alvaro Bautista's factory teammate at Aruba.it Racing Ducati, Bulega made an immediate impact in his 2024 WorldSBK debut. He won six races and scored fifteen second-place finishes, finishing runner-up in the championship in a fierce battle with Toprak Razgatlioglu. In 2025 he again finished as championship runner-up while achieving 20 Superbike victories across the season.
Bulega was called up by Ducati Corse to replace Marc Marquez for the final two rounds of the 2025 MotoGP season after completing a private test at Jerez. For 2026 he was signed as a Ducati Corse test rider alongside Michele Pirro, focusing on Pirelli tyre development under the incoming 2027 regulations.
Bulega represents a new generation of riders who progressed through the Red Bull MotoGP Academy and European championship pipeline before finding their true level in the Superbike World Championship. His ability to adapt from the tight Supersport class to the raw power of the WorldSBK Ducati in a single season marked him as one of the most naturally gifted prospects in motorcycle racing entering the mid-2020s.