Taniguchi began in motorsport on minibikes, winning a Honda-sponsored All Japan Mini Bike race at Suzuka Circuit. He progressed to four-wheeled competition and developed an interest in drifting after acquiring a Toyota AE86. He relocated to Tokyo in 1998 with the ambition of becoming a motor journalist while continuing to race, working at Takahiro Ueno's car bodykit company Car Make T&E and competing in one-make series with the Toyota Celica and Vitz. In 1999 he won a Suzuka Clubman Race in a Honda Civic sponsored by Bride, which brought him to the attention of HKS, who signed him as a test driver and sponsor for drift events with his Nissan S15 Silvia.
Taniguchi competed in street drifting with his AE86 as part of team After-Fire, taking part in events such as Video Option's Ikaten, Battle Magazine's BM-Cup, and CarBoy's DoriCon GP before the D1 Grand Prix series was formalised.
In D1 Grand Prix's inaugural 2001 season, Taniguchi won the championship with After-Fire and HKS sponsorship, taking two of five rounds. His title year was notable for his use of S-tires (semi-slicks), which were subsequently banned by the series. He held the all-time wins record in D1 Grand Prix until Youichi Imamura surpassed his tally in 2005.
In subsequent seasons he remained a seeded driver but the championship eluded him: second in 2002, fourth in 2003, and second again in 2004, the latter campaign undermined by a mid-season switch to an Altezza that proved poorly suited to his driving style. He admitted he would have preferred to finish 2004 with the S15. The Altezza experiment continued into 2005 before HKS and Taniguchi withdrew from D1 at the end of that year. They returned as a spot participant in 2008 and fully re-entered in 2012 with a Toyota 86, competing through 2014. Taniguchi retired from professional drifting competition after a D1GP exhibition event in 2016.
Over the D1 years, Taniguchi drove four main cars for HKS: the RS1 and RS2 Hyper Silvia S15 variants, the Genki Racing Project Altezza, and a second Altezza designated IS220Z.
Taniguchi also drifted a Toyota Aristo in non-D1 events and in 2016 purchased a Nissan 180SX prepared with suspension and arm parts developed by fellow D1GP champion Masato Kawabata. HKS and Formula Drift formed an exclusive partnership in 2007 that brought Taniguchi to the United States for drifting exhibitions, including an appearance at Formula Drift's Road Atlanta round on 11 and 12 May 2007. He has also served as Japanese commentator at Formula Drift Japan events.
Taniguchi has competed in the JGTC and its successor Super GT since 2002, exclusively in the GT300 class. He began with RE Amemiya in a Mazda RX-7, subsequently raced for Racing Project Bandoh (2004–2005), Direxiv/R&D Sports (2006), and Team Taisan (2007–2008), before returning to Amemiya in 2009. After RE Amemiya withdrew at the end of 2010, he joined Goodsmile Racing with a BMW Z4 GT3 and won the GT300 championship in 2011 alongside Taku Bamba. A second title came in 2014, again with the BMW Z4 GT3 and co-driver Tatsuya Kataoka, secured at the season finale at Twin Ring Motegi by virtue of having one more race victory than an equal-points rival. A third GT300 championship followed in 2017, driving the Mercedes-AMG GT3 alongside Kataoka — making both drivers the most-titled drivers in GT300 history.
Taniguchi has been a dominant presence in Super Taikyu since 2001, winning eight class championships. Early titles came in 2002 and 2005 (the latter alongside Manabu Orido). He then won six consecutive class championships from 2008 to 2013 with the Petronas Syntium team, driving BMW Z4 M Coupé and Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG GT3 machinery. In 2023 he made a one-off return with D'Station Racing at the final round, sharing an Aston Martin Vantage GT8R in the ST-1 class with Orido; the pair won their class from pole position — their first win together in 18 years.
Taniguchi won the Tokachi 24 Hours in 2005 in a Porsche 911 GT3 Cup. He won the Sepang 12 Hours in 2011 and 2012 driving the BMW Z4 M Coupé, and the Fuji 500 km in 2012 and 2014 with the BMW Z4 GT3. In the 2010 Dubai 24 Hour he took class victory in the A5 petrol category and finished second overall alongside Fariqe Hairuman, Masataka Yanagida, and Johannes Stuck in the Petronas Syntium BMW Z4 M Coupé.
As a test driver for HKS, Taniguchi set a 54.37-second lap at Tsukuba Circuit in 2004 in the HKS Time Attack Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution 7, then lowered the mark to 53.589 seconds in 2007 driving the all-carbon HKS CT230R Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. In 2005 he drove the HKS USA Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution in the Car and Driver Super Tuner Challenge, posting the fastest quarter-mile, 0–60, and road course times on the day by a margin of three seconds. In 2006 he set the fastest qualifying time for any Mazda RX-8 at Phoenix International Raceway in the Grand Am Cup.
Taniguchi made his WTCC debut with Proteam Motorsport at the 2009 FIA WTCC Race of Japan at Okayama International Circuit.
Taniguchi has been a regular presence in Japanese automotive video media, appearing in Video Option, Drift Tengoku, Best Motoring, Rev Speed Video, and Hot Version alongside Manabu Orido and Keiichi Tsuchiya. He won championships in the Netz Cup Altezza one-make series, the Civic Race, and the Gazoo Racing 86/BRZ Race. In March 2020 he launched his YouTube channel NOBチャンネル (NOB Channel), which surpassed 200,000 subscribers by August 2022.