Gasly was born on 7 February 1996 in Rouen, France, the youngest of five children of Jean-Jacques Gasly and Pascale. He has four half brothers. His grandfather competed in karting, his grandmother was a kart champion, and his father Jean-Jacques raced in karting, endurance racing, and rallying. Gasly grew up alongside Anthoine Hubert, karting with him from the age of seven and attending the same private school. He has been close friends with Charles Leclerc and Esteban Ocon since a young age. He left Rouen for Le Mans at age 13 to pursue competitive racing. He speaks French, Italian, and English.
Gasly entered competitive karting in 2006 at age ten, finishing as runner-up in the CIK-FIA European Championship in 2010.
In 2011, he made his single-seater debut in the French F4 Championship, finishing third with seven podiums including wins at Spa, Albi, and Le Castellet. He moved to Formula Renault Eurocup machinery in 2012, finishing tenth. In 2013, racing for Tech 1, he claimed the Eurocup title with victories at Moscow, the Hungaroring, and Le Castellet, holding an eleven-point lead over Oliver Rowland into the final meeting and clinching the championship after Rowland received a drive-through penalty for a collision.
Gasly stepped up to the Formula Renault 3.5 Series in 2014 with Arden under the Red Bull Junior Team programme, finishing runner-up to fellow Red Bull junior Carlos Sainz Jr.. He made his GP2 Series debut that year at Monza as a stand-in.
Racing for Prema in 2016 alongside Antonio Giovinazzi, and under pressure from Red Bull Junior Team boss Helmut Marko to win the title or be dropped, Gasly became GP2 Series champion.
In 2017, Gasly raced in the Super Formula Championship for Team Mugen alongside Naoki Yamamoto, winning two consecutive races before the season was curtailed by the cancellation of the final round at Suzuka due to Typhoon Lan. He finished second in the standings, half a point from the championship. He also made a one-off Formula E appearance for Renault e.dams at the New York City ePrix, substituting for Sébastien Buemi, finishing seventh in the first race and fourth in the second.
Gasly made his Formula One debut at the 2017 Malaysian Grand Prix with Toro Rosso, replacing Daniil Kvyat. He became a full-time Toro Rosso driver for 2018. At the Bahrain Grand Prix, he qualified sixth and finished fourth — his first points finish — after Kimi Räikkönen retired. He ended the 2018 season fifteenth in the championship with 29 points, comfortably ahead of teammate Brendon Hartley's four points.
Gasly was promoted to Red Bull Racing for 2019, partnering Max Verstappen following Daniel Ricciardo's departure to Renault. He struggled throughout the first half of the season; his best result came at the British Grand Prix where he finished fourth after Verstappen and Sebastian Vettel collided ahead. At the Hungarian Grand Prix he finished sixth, having been lapped by Verstappen.
Ahead of the Belgian Grand Prix, Gasly was demoted back to Toro Rosso with Alex Albon taking his seat. Red Bull stated the swap was made to make "an informed decision as to who will drive alongside Max [Verstappen] in 2020."
In the remainder of the season at Toro Rosso alongside Kvyat, Gasly's best result came at the Brazilian Grand Prix: starting seventh and taking advantage of retirements from Valtteri Bottas and both Ferrari drivers, as well as a collision between Lewis Hamilton and Albon, he finished second, holding off Hamilton in a drag to the finish line. The result was Toro Rosso's best since the 2008 Italian Grand Prix and Honda's first 1–2 finish since the 1991 Japanese Grand Prix. Gasly remarked over the radio: "This is the best day of my life." He ended the 2019 season seventh in the championship with 95 points.
Gasly was retained by the rebranded Scuderia AlphaTauri alongside Kvyat for 2020. At the Italian Grand Prix, an early pit stop and a safety car procedure promoted him to third place; when race leader Lewis Hamilton entered the pits to serve a penalty and second-placed Lance Stroll lost places at the restart, Gasly inherited the lead and held off the late-charging Carlos Sainz Jr. to take his maiden victory. He became the 109th different Formula One race winner and the first French driver to win a Grand Prix since Olivier Panis at the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix. He finished the 2020 season tenth in the championship with 75 points.
Gasly achieved his third career podium at the 2021 Azerbaijan Grand Prix, qualifying fourth and finishing third after a tyre failure for Verstappen and a braking mistake from Hamilton in the closing stages, prevailing in a battle with Charles Leclerc on the penultimate lap. He finished ninth in the 2021 championship with a then career-best 110 points.
In 2022, Gasly criticised the deployment of a recovery tractor in wet conditions during the Japanese Grand Prix to extract Carlos Sainz Jr.'s crashed car, calling it "disrespectful" to the memory of Jules Bianchi and stating "I could have killed myself." He received a penalty for speeding under the subsequent red flag. He ended the 2022 season fourteenth with 23 points.
Gasly signed a multi-year contract worth in excess of $10 million per year to race for Alpine in 2023, partnering Esteban Ocon. He scored his first podium for the team at the Dutch Grand Prix, starting twelfth and taking advantage of an early switch to intermediate tyres, then benefiting from a Sergio Pérez penalty to finish third. He ended the 2023 season eleventh in the championship with 62 points, one place and four points ahead of Ocon.
The 2024 season proved difficult in the early rounds, with Gasly failing to score in numerous consecutive races. His highest-scoring result was at the São Paulo Grand Prix, where he finished third in a rain-affected race starting thirteenth — his fifth career podium — moving up from seventeenth to twelfth in the standings in the process. He qualified a career-best third for the Las Vegas Grand Prix but retired from the race. In the final six races of the campaign he scored 34 points, helping Alpine beat Haas to sixth in the Constructors' Championship and finishing tenth in the Drivers' Championship.
Gasly extended his contract with Alpine to at least the end of the 2028 season. For 2025 he partnered rookie Jack Doohan, who was replaced by Franco Colapinto following the Miami Grand Prix. Gasly was disqualified from the 2025 Chinese Grand Prix after his A525 was found to be underweight.
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