Rebellion Racing participated in the 2011 Intercontinental Le Mans Cup season and the 2011 Le Mans Series season with Toyota-engined Lola LMP1 cars. Ahead of 2011, Rebellion and Toyota Motorsport GmbH confirmed an LMP1 engine supply partnership. An evaluation test programme was conducted at Portimão and Monteblanco at the end of October 2010. The regular 2010 driver pairings were retained: Neel Jani with Nico Prost, and Andrea Belicchi with Jean-Christophe Boullion.
At the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans, the No. 12 car of Prost, Jani, and Jeroen Bleekemolen qualified 8th and finished 6th overall — the first gasoline-powered finisher. The No. 13 car of Belicchi, Boullion, and Guy Smith retired after 190 laps. Rebellion won the 2011 Le Mans Series LMP1 teams' title with 51 points, one more than Pescarolo Team, with Neel Jani's pole position contributing the decisive margin.
In the 2011 Intercontinental Le Mans Cup finale at Zhuhai, the Rebellion Toyota-engined Lola driven by Jani and Prost recovered from an unscheduled stop — after Jani ran into Allan McNish's Audi R18 — to overhaul the OAK Racing OAK-Pescarolo driven by Alexandre Premat, Olivier Pla, and Jacques Nicolet, securing third in the LMP1 team classification behind the factory diesel teams of Peugeot and Audi.
From 2012 to 2013, Rebellion ran two Lola B12/60 cars in the FIA World Endurance Championship LMP1 class. In 2012, Nick Heidfeld was announced as a driver for select rounds, sharing the No. 12 entry with Jani and Prost at the 12 Hours of Sebring, 6 Hours of Spa, and 24 Hours of Le Mans; Harold Primat was the third driver in the No. 13 alongside Belicchi and Bleekemolen.
Rebellion entered the 2012 Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta with an opportunity for outright victory after Audi chose not to participate. After early competition with Muscle Milk Pickett Racing, who crashed while attempting to pass a GT car, Rebellion led the remainder of the race and won outright.
In 2013, Rebellion contested both the FIA WEC and American Le Mans Series. Midway through the ALMS campaign the team withdrew from the series to concentrate on the WEC, returning only for the Petit Le Mans finale at Road Atlanta, where they took their second consecutive overall victory after Muscle Milk Pickett Racing again retired.
On 8 June 2013, Rebellion confirmed a partnership with Oreca to design and build the Rebellion R-One, their own LMP1 car. The R-One debuted at the 2014 Spa 6 Hours, continuing to use Toyota engines. From 2015, the R-One cars were powered by twin-turbo AER P60 V6 GDI units from Advanced Engine Research. For 2015, Alexandre Imperatori and Daniel Abt signed to pilot the team's second car alongside Dominik Kraihamer.
In 2016, the R-One continued with AER P60 engines, switching from Michelin to Dunlop tyres. The No. 12 entry was driven by Nick Heidfeld, Nico Prost, Nelson Piquet Jr., and Mathias Beche (round 4). The No. 13 entry was driven by Dominik Kraihamer, Alexandre Imperatori, and Mathéo Tuscher.
In 2017, the team switched to the LMP2 category in the FIA WEC with two Oreca 07 cars. That year the team was also renamed Vaillante Rebellion following a partnership with Editions Graton, publishers of the French comic Vaillante. Rebellion also returned to the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, starting with the 24 Hours of Daytona.
In 2018, Rebellion returned to LMP1 with the new Rebellion R13 prototype powered by a Gibson 4.5L V8, fielding two full-season entries. At the 2018 24 Hours of Le Mans the team achieved a third-place finish. At the 2018 6 Hours of Silverstone, the team recorded their first overall WEC win after both Toyota cars were disqualified post-race. The team finished second in the 2018–19 WEC teams' championship.
For the 2019–20 season, Rebellion entered one full-season car and a second on a race-by-race basis at Silverstone, Spa, and Le Mans. At the 4 Hours of Shanghai, the No. 1 car qualified on pole and won the race outright — the first time a privateer team had achieved an on-track overall victory in the WEC's history. The team took their final win at the Lone Star Le Mans. Rebellion Racing's last race was the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans.
On 4 December 2019, it was announced that from the 2022–23 season Rebellion Racing would become the factory team of Peugeot Sport, running Le Mans Hypercars in the FIA WEC as Rebellion Peugeot. On 13 February 2020, however, Rebellion Corporation announced that following a strategic committee meeting, the firm would cease all motorsport operations after the 2020 24 Hours of Le Mans.
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