Ogier began competing in 2005 after winning the French Federation's Rallye Jeunes, earning a seat in the Peugeot 206 Cup. He claimed the cup title in 2007 with four victories and was recognised with the Espoir Echappement de l'année award — previously given to Sébastien Loeb and Didier Auriol.
In 2008 he moved to a full Junior World Rally Championship programme with the Equipe de France FFSA team, driving a Super 1600-class Citroën C2. He won the JWRC title that year, becoming the first JWRC driver to score a WRC championship point, achieved with an eighth-place overall finish on his WRC debut at Rally Mexico. His JWRC season included victories in Mexico and Jordan, and he was rewarded after the title with his first World Rally Car outing — a Citroën C4 at Rally GB, where he led the opening stage against seasoned competitors.
Ogier joined Citroën's WRC operation as a junior entry for 2009. His first WRC podium came at the Acropolis Rally with a second-place finish behind Mikko Hirvonen. In 2010 he took his maiden WRC victory at the Rally de Portugal, going on to add a second win that season in Japan. He was promoted to the Citroën factory team for 2011, where his rivalry with reigning champion Sébastien Loeb intensified. He won five rallies that year — as many as Loeb — but a fractious relationship with Citroën management, amplified by a public dispute over team orders in Germany, led to his departure at the end of the season.
Volkswagen signed Ogier in November 2011 on a three-year contract. After a 2012 development season with a Škoda Fabia S2000, he drove the Volkswagen Polo R WRC from 2013. The partnership proved immediately dominant. In 2013 he won nine of the thirteen rounds, accumulated 290 championship points — a record under the previous scoring system — and took his first Drivers' title. He successfully defended it in 2014, 2015, and 2016, claiming four consecutive championships. In 2016 he delivered Volkswagen their fourth successive Manufacturers' title before the German manufacturer abruptly withdrew from WRC at the season's end.
During these four campaigns Ogier set numerous WRC records, including the highest stage-win rate in a single season (46.25% in 2013) and the most Power Stage wins in a season (9 in 2015).
With no works Volkswagen programme, Ogier moved to M-Sport Ford for 2017, driving the Ford Fiesta WRC. He won his fifth consecutive Drivers' title that year — a record run for consecutive championships — with M-Sport also claiming the Manufacturers' title. In 2018, after trading the lead with Thierry Neuville through a volatile season, Ogier secured his sixth successive title on the final round in Australia. He and long-time co-driver Julien Ingrassia thus extended their unprecedented streak to six consecutive crowns.
Ogier returned to Citroën for 2019 but grew frustrated with slow car development. He left before his contract expired, prompting Citroën to withdraw from WRC entirely. Joining Toyota Gazoo Racing for 2020, he claimed his seventh title in circumstances shaped by the COVID-shortened season, with rival Elfyn Evans sliding off the ice at Monza on the final stages. In 2021, competing in what he announced would be his final full season, he won four rallies — Croatia, Italy, Kenya, and Monza — to take an eighth Drivers' title ahead of Evans.
From 2022 Ogier adopted a selective schedule with Toyota, stepping back to balance family life and endurance racing. He contested the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 2022 with the Richard Mille Racing Team. Despite missing multiple rounds each year, his consistency and speed remained exceptional. In 2023 he won the Monte Carlo Rally for a record ninth time, surpassing Loeb's previous record. In 2024 he claimed his 59th WRC victory in Croatia, which was also his 100th WRC podium, and won the Rally de Portugal for a record seventh time.
In 2025, starting with a partial schedule before committing to the full remaining calendar, Ogier and Landais accumulated enough results to clinch the championship at the Rally Saudi Arabia, winning by four points. The title equalled Loeb's record of nine World Rally Championship crowns — the most in the sport's history.
Ogier holds or shares a number of outright WRC records: nine Drivers' titles (joint most with Loeb), ten wins at the Rallye Monte-Carlo (the most ever at a single event), seven wins each at Rally Mexico and Rally Portugal, the most total championship points accumulated (over 3,300), and fifty Power Stage victories. He is one of only two drivers — alongside Juha Kankkunen — to have won the World Championship with three different manufacturers.
Beyond WRC, Ogier tested a Red Bull Racing RB7 Formula One car in 2017, won the Race of Champions Champion of Champions title in 2011, and competed in endurance racing at Le Mans. He received the Espoir Echappement de l'année award in his early career and has been a patron of the Make-A-Wish Foundation in France since 2014.