Tony Stewart had been driving for Joe Gibbs Racing but sought to return to Chevrolet after JGR switched to Toyota. Gene Haas, wanting Stewart to drive for his team in the belief it would attract sponsors and experienced personnel, offered a co-ownership stake. The team was formed by merging Haas CNC Racing with Stewart's involvement and renaming it Stewart–Haas Racing for the 2009 season. Stewart proceeded to sign several high-level sponsors and better utilise the alliance with Hendrick Motorsports. On February 24, 2016, the team announced it would switch to Ford for the 2017 season.
Stewart debuted in the No. 14 car for 2009, with the number chosen as a tribute to open-wheel legend A.J. Foyt. Office Depot and Old Spice came aboard as primary sponsors. Stewart won the 2009 Sprint All-Star Race — the first win for Gene Haas — and followed with points-paying wins at Pocono Raceway, Daytona, Watkins Glen, and Kansas, finishing sixth in points.
The 2011 season was SHR's first championship. Entering the Chase for the Sprint Cup without a win, Stewart won five Chase races — at Chicagoland, New Hampshire, Martinsville, Texas, and Homestead — to tie Carl Edwards in points and win the tiebreaker by most victories. This made Stewart the only NASCAR driver to have won championship titles under the Winston Cup (2002), Nextel Cup (2005), and Sprint Cup (2011) brands.
On August 5, 2013, Stewart broke his right leg in a sprint car accident and missed the remainder of the season. Mark Martin drove the No. 14 for twelve of the thirteen remaining races, with Austin Dillon filling in at Talladega and Michigan. Stewart won the 2013 FedEx 400 before his injury.
Stewart announced his retirement ahead of 2016. He was injured in a sand rail incident and missed the Daytona 500; Brian Vickers and Ty Dillon substituted. Stewart returned at Richmond and won the Toyota/Save Mart 350 at Sonoma Raceway, passing Denny Hamlin on the last lap and ending an 84-race winless streak, before being eliminated in the Round of 16.
Clint Bowyer replaced Stewart in the No. 14 for 2017–2020. Bowyer's best season with SHR was 2018: two wins at Martinsville and Michigan, nine top-fives, 15 top-10s, and a Playoff run to the Round of 8. Chase Briscoe took over the No. 14 from 2021. In his rookie year Briscoe finished 23rd and won the 2021 NASCAR Rookie of the Year award. He won his first Cup Series race at Phoenix in 2022, leading 101 of 312 laps to become the 200th different driver in series history to win a Cup race. At the 2023 Southern 500, Briscoe ended a 73-race winless streak to earn a Playoff spot.
The No. 4 originated as the No. 39. Ryan Newman drove the No. 39 for SHR from 2009 to 2013. The team scored its first win at Phoenix in 2010 — also the first NASCAR win in history for a car numbered 39. Newman won a second race at New Hampshire in 2011, and in 2013 won the Brickyard 400 from pole, driving away from Jimmie Johnson. Newman originally missed the 2013 Chase but entered after Michael Waltrip Racing was penalised for result manipulation, replacing Martin Truex Jr.
Kevin Harvick joined the newly renumbered No. 4 Chevrolet for 2014 with Budweiser and Jimmy John's sponsorship. He won in his second start at Phoenix and again at Darlington, leading 239 of 374 laps. He won the championship-deciding finale at Homestead to claim SHR's second Cup championship. In 2015 Harvick had 28 top-10s and wins at Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Dover but lost the title to Kyle Busch by one point. Harvick rebounded with eight wins in 2018 — a career high — though one Texas win was encumbered after post-race inspection revealed a non-compliant rear spoiler, voiding his Final Four eligibility. He nonetheless made the Championship 4 via a Phoenix result and finished third at Homestead. In 2020 Harvick won nine races, including his 50th career win at Darlington, and clinched the Regular Season Championship but failed to make the Championship 4 after finishing 17th at Martinsville. Harvick announced his retirement on January 12, 2023, and completed his final season without a win, finishing 13th in points.
Josh Berry replaced Harvick in the No. 4 for 2024, recording a season-best third at Darlington and New Hampshire.
Danica Patrick drove the No. 10 for a limited schedule in 2012 in partnership with Tommy Baldwin Racing, then full-time from 2013 to 2017. Patrick became the first woman in NASCAR history signed to a full Sprint Cup Series season. She won the pole for the 2013 Daytona 500 — the first woman to do so and the first rookie since Jimmie Johnson in 2002 — ran in the top 10 for most of the race, became the first woman to lead a lap in the 500, and finished eighth. Her career-best finish with SHR was sixth at Atlanta in 2014. Nature's Bakery withdrew sponsorship in January 2017, leading SHR to file a $31 million breach-of-contract suit; the parties settled in May 2017. Patrick was released after 2017.
Aric Almirola drove the No. 10 from 2018 to 2023, bringing Smithfield Foods as sponsor. The team's performance improved dramatically; Almirola won the 2018 1000Bulbs.com 500 at Talladega, the No. 10's first-ever win. He made the Playoffs in 2018 and 2019. Almirola announced retirement effective after 2022, then reversed that decision, before finally confirming his departure from SHR after 2023.
Noah Gragson drove the No. 10 in 2024, recording a career-best third at Talladega.
The No. 41 debuted for 2014, signed by Gene Haas during co-owner Stewart's incapacitation from injury. Kurt Busch won his sixth race with the team at the 2014 STP 500 at Martinsville, his first win since 2011. He won two races in 2015 (Richmond and Michigan) and one in 2016 (Pocono). In 2017 Busch won his first Daytona 500, passing Kyle Larson on the last lap — SHR's first Daytona 500 win and their first win with Ford. He departed after 2018.
Daniel Suarez drove the No. 41 in 2019, scoring four top-fives and 11 top-10s but failing to make the Playoffs. Cole Custer drove the car from 2020 to 2022. His first Cup victory came at the Quaker State 400 at Kentucky Speedway in 2020 with a four-wide last-lap pass, making him the first driver to score his first career win with SHR; this earned him a Playoff spot but he was eliminated in the Round of 16 at Bristol. In 2022 Custer was fined $100,000 after intentionally slowing on the last lap of the Charlotte Roval to allow teammate Briscoe to advance; crew chief Mike Shiplett was indefinitely suspended and the team docked 50 points.
Ryan Preece drove the No. 41 in 2023 and 2024. In August 2023 at the Daytona night race, contact sent Preece's car down the track where it was lifted airborne and barrel-rolled roughly ten times before coming to rest on its wheels; Preece exited under his own power, was placed on a stretcher, transported to hospital, and was discharged the following morning.
SHR's Xfinity Series program launched in 2017 with Custer driving the No. 00. At the 2017 Ford EcoBoost 300 he led nearly every lap and won Stages 1 and 2, earning SHR their second Xfinity career win. In 2019 Custer won seven races and five poles, finishing second in the championship to Tyler Reddick. Custer returned to the No. 00 in 2023 after a stint in the Cup Series, winning at Portland and in a rain-shortened Chicago street race and Phoenix, claiming the 2023 Xfinity Series championship. In 2024 he won at Pocono and Bristol, earning the regular season championship.
Briscoe ran full-time in the No. 98 from 2019; in 2020 he won a season-leading nine races to earn his Cup Series promotion. Riley Herbst drove the No. 98 from 2021 to 2024, scoring his first Xfinity win at Las Vegas in 2023 and his first 2024 win at Indianapolis — part of the first 1-2 finish for SHR's Xfinity program, with Custer finishing second. Herbst's Phoenix win in the 2024 season finale was Stewart–Haas Racing's last-ever race victory.
The team had an agreement with MRD Motorsports to serve as driver development for Haas CNC Racing, with Blake Bjorklund named to drive in 2007. In 2014, 16-year-old Cole Custer ran the No. 00 Haas Automation Silverado in nine Truck Series races under the banner Haas Racing Development, becoming the youngest pole winner in Truck Series history at Gateway and the youngest ever winner of a Truck Series race after winning from pole at New Hampshire. This gave Gene Haas the distinction of winning as an owner in all three national touring series. The Haas truck program was shut down after 2014.
Stewart–Haas Gaming won the inaugural eNASCAR Heat Pro League Championship in 2019, then rebranded as Stewart–Haas eSports for the 2020 eNASCAR iRacing World Championship Series.
On May 28, 2024, Tony Stewart announced Stewart–Haas Racing would shut down its Cup and Xfinity Series teams after the 2024 season, resulting in 323 job losses. One charter was sold to Front Row Motorsports for $20–25 million for the No. 4 car driven by Noah Gragson; a second charter was sold to 23XI Racing for its No. 35 car driven by Riley Herbst; and a third charter was sold to Trackhouse Racing for its No. 88 car driven by Shane van Gisbergen. On June 20, Gene Haas confirmed he would retain one charter and restructure the team as Haas Factory Team with Joe Custer as president, also keeping SHR's two Xfinity Series entries.
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