Gibbs began racing in go-karts on asphalt and dirt tracks in Mooresville, North Carolina. In 2019, he won the IceBreaker 125 Late Model Stock race at Myrtle Beach Speedway driving the No. 18 for Nelson Motorsports.
In 2017 and 2018, Gibbs competed in the CARS Late Model Stock series for Marlowe Racing, finishing fourteenth in 2017 (having competed in only eight of thirteen races) and eighth in 2018. He recorded two pole positions, led 90 laps, and averaged a finish of 13.3 with a best result of second at Anderson Motor Speedway.
Gibbs ran a partial schedule in the 2019 NASCAR K&N Pro Series East for DGR-Crosley in the No. 17, collecting four second-place finishes in five starts before scoring his first career win in his sixth start โ the Apple Barrel 125 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway โ in the No. 54.
For 2020, he drove the No. 18 for Joe Gibbs Racing in the series (then renamed ARCA Menards Series East), full-time, winning at Toledo Speedway in June but finishing runner-up to Sam Mayer in the standings. In 2021, he made four starts in the series, winning the pole and race in all four, leading 621 of 625 laps he completed and finishing ninth in the standings.
In the ARCA Menards Series West, Gibbs won his debut at ISM Raceway in the 2019 season finale. He returned in 2020, finishing second after being passed by David Gilliland on the final lap. In 2021, he ran both Phoenix races, starting on pole and winning both โ leading 124 of 150 laps in the March event and all 100 laps in the fall race.
In the main ARCA Menards Series, Gibbs has won 18 races and collected 38 top-five finishes in 47 starts total. After partial 2019 and 2020 schedules accumulating wins at Gateway, Salem, Pocono, Kentucky, Iowa, Winchester, and Memphis, he ran full-time in 2021 in the JGR No. 18. He dominated with ten wins from twenty races and became champion, edging Corey Heim in a close points battle. He finished in the top five in every race except Talladega, where he was involved in a crash with Greg Van Alst. At Kansas in May, he led every lap โ the first driver to do so in the series since Kevin Swindell at Chicagoland Speedway in 2012 โ and replicated the feat at Charlotte two races later and at the Milwaukee Mile in August.
On January 26, 2021, JGR announced Gibbs would make his Xfinity debut at the Daytona Road Course in the No. 54, a ride shared with Kyle Busch, Denny Hamlin, Martin Truex Jr., John Hunter Nemechek, and Ty Dillon. Gibbs held off Austin Cindric in overtime to win, becoming the sixth driver to win in their Xfinity debut โ after Dale Earnhardt, Ricky Rudd, Joe Ruttman, Terry Labonte, and Kurt Busch โ and the first without prior NASCAR Cup Series experience. At eighteen years, four months, and sixteen days old, he also became the youngest driver to win an Xfinity road course race until surpassed by Connor Zilisch in the 2024 Mission 200 at The Glen.
Gibbs won again at Charlotte Motor Speedway in May, and added a third win at Watkins Glen International, where he led the most laps and held off Austin Cindric and A. J. Allmendinger. A fourth win came at the Kansas Lottery 300 in October. He finished the season thirteenth in the standings despite having started only eighteen of 33 races, and won Rookie of the Year.
Running the No. 54 full-time in 2022, Gibbs won early in the season at Las Vegas, Atlanta, and Richmond. At the Martinsville spring race on April 8, Gibbs led 196 laps but was passed by teammate Brandon Jones on the final lap. After contact from Sam Mayer in the final turn, Gibbs hit Mayer's car on the cool-down lap and both drivers fought on pit road; Gibbs was fined US$15,000. He scored his fourth win at Road America in July, passing Kyle Larson on the final lap, and a fifth at Michigan. At the Martinsville playoff race, Gibbs made contact with Jones on the final overtime lap and won, despite having already clinched a spot in the Championship four on points. Gibbs dominated at Phoenix to take the 2022 NASCAR Xfinity Series championship.
In 2023, Gibbs drove the No. 19 on a part-time basis, scoring one win at Indianapolis.
On July 24, 2022, 23XI Racing announced Gibbs would make his Cup Series debut at the M&M's Fan Appreciation 400 at Pocono, driving the No. 45 as a fill-in for Kurt Busch, who was not cleared by NASCAR after suffering concussion-like symptoms in a qualifying crash. Gibbs finished 16th. Three days later he was confirmed again for the Verizon 200 at Indianapolis, finishing 17th. At Michigan in the FireKeepers Casino 400, Gibbs scored his first career top-10 with a tenth-place finish, before an engine failure left him 36th at Richmond. He filled in for Busch at Watkins Glen and Daytona, then swapped to the No. 23 car from Darlington โ switching with Bubba Wallace to help the team's owners' championship efforts. At the Texas playoff race, Gibbs veered into Ty Dillon on pit road, nearly sending Dillon into a NASCAR official and pit crew members; he was fined US$75,000 and the No. 23 was docked 25 owner points. Gibbs missed the final race of his fill-in role โ the 2022 NASCAR Cup Series Championship Race โ due to the death of his father Coy and was replaced by Daniel Hemric.
In 2023, Gibbs joined the Cup Series full-time in the rebranded No. 54 for Joe Gibbs Racing. Despite missing the playoffs, he achieved four top-five finishes and won NASCAR Rookie of the Year.
Gibbs scored his first career pole at Charlotte and a second at Pocono. Without a race win during the regular season, he stayed consistent enough to qualify for the playoffs, but was eliminated at the conclusion of the Round of 16. He finished the year fifteenth in the final standings โ a career best at that time.
For 2025, Gibbs was assigned a new crew chief, Tyler Allen; his previous crew chief Chris Gayle moved to Denny Hamlin's No. 11 team, replacing Chris Gabehart, who became competition director. At Martinsville, Gibbs passed J. J. Yeley to become the driver with the most Cup Series starts for JGR without a win, having run 79 races for the team to that point. He won the inaugural NASCAR In-Season Challenge, defeating Ty Dillon.
At New Hampshire, Gibbs and teammate Denny Hamlin made contact, with Hamlin spinning out Gibbs. On September 22, Gibbs posted on Instagram agreeing with Kevin Harvick's view that the ongoing drama inside JGR was potentially derailing Hamlin's 2025 title run.
In 2026, Gibbs started the Daytona 500 in 23rd place, then earned his first career Cup win at Bristol Motor Speedway in his 131st start, becoming the sixth driver to claim a first Cup win at Bristol.
On October 16, 2024, Gibbs was announced as a co-owner of Joe Gibbs Racing and owner of the No. 54 Toyota Supra in the Xfinity Series starting in 2025.
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