Buick

Buick is one of the oldest automobile brands globally and is currently the oldest active in the United States. The first two Buick automobiles were made in 1899 and 1900 by chief engineer Walter Marr at the "Buick Auto-Vim and Power Company." Company owner David Dunbar Buick initially preferred stationary and marine engine production, leading Marr to leave in 1901 to establish his own automobile company. Eugene Richard replaced Marr and, in 1902, applied for a patent for Marr's valve-in-head (overhead valve) engine, which was awarded to Buick in Richard's name in 1904.

In 1903, Richard produced the third Buick automobile. In 1904, the company, now named "Buick Motor Company," moved from Detroit to Flint, Michigan, while Richard remained in Detroit. Marr was rehired in Flint as chief engineer to begin production. That year, 37 Buick automobiles were made, with production increasing to 750 in 1905, 1,400 in 1906, 4,641 in 1907, and 8,820 in 1908. In 1908, Buick surpassed Ford, Maxwell, and Olds Motor Works to claim the number one spot, proclaiming itself the largest car manufacturer in the world.

David Buick incorporated his company as the Buick Motor Company on May 19, 1903, in Detroit, Michigan. Benjamin Briscoe, a friend and fellow automobile enthusiast, financed Buick and in September 1903 sold control to James H. Whiting of Flint Wagon Works. Whiting moved Buick to Flint, intending to integrate Buick's engines into his wagons. David Buick remained as a manager and rehired Walter Marr as chief engineer. The engine they developed was a two-cylinder valve-in-head engine of 159 cubic inches, with horizontally opposed cylinders.

Whiting built a few Model B automobiles in 1904 before running out of capital, leading him to bring in William C. Durant as a controlling investor that year. Durant built additional Model Bs in 1904, increased production for the Model C in 1905, and spent the next four years making Buick the biggest-selling automobile brand in the U.S. Durant, who had made his fortune as co-owner of the Durant-Dort Carriage Company, moved most Buick production to the former Durant-Dort Imperial Wheel plant in Jackson, Michigan, in 1905. Buick continued car production in Jackson through 1907, when Factory #1 was completed in Flint. David Buick sold his stock in 1906. In 1907, Durant agreed to supply motors to R. S. McLaughlin in Canada, an automaker, and in 1908, he founded General Motors.

Between 1899 and 1902, Walter Lorenzo Marr built two prototype vehicles in Detroit, Michigan. Documentation exists for a 1901 or 1902 prototype with tiller steering, similar to the Oldsmobile Curved Dash. In mid-1904, another prototype was constructed for an endurance run, which led Whiting to authorize production of the first models offered to the public. This prototype's architecture formed the basis for the Model B.

The first Buick made for sale, the 1904 horizontally opposed 2-cylinder engine Model B, was built in Flint, Michigan, at a repurposed factory known as the Flint Wagon Works. Thirty-seven Buicks were made that year, none of which survive. Two replicas exist: the 1904 endurance car at the Buick Gallery & Research Center in Flint, and a Model B assembled by an enthusiast in California for the division's 100th anniversary. Both vehicles incorporate parts from early Buicks and fabricated components, and each was constructed with one of the two known surviving 1904 engines.

Buick's early success is largely attributed to its valve-in-head engine, now known as the overhead valve (OHV) engine, patented by Eugene Richard and developed by Richard, Buick, and Marr. The Model F featured a two-cylinder engine, an 87-inch wheelbase, and weighed 1,800 lbs. The creation of General Motors is primarily attributed to Buick's success, indicating the direct impact of Marr and Richard's designs. The powertrain and chassis architecture introduced on the Model B continued through the 1909 Model F. The Model F was similar to the Model G, a lower-priced two-seat roadster produced from 1906 until 1909. Both the F and G were powered by a 159 cu in (2.6 L) two-cylinder engine producing 22 hp (16 kW; 22 PS), paired with a 2-speed transmission and mechanical brakes on the rear wheels.

William C. Durant, a promoter, quickly made Buick the largest carmaker in America. He embarked on a series of corporate acquisitions, forming General Motors. Initially, manufacturers within GM competed, but Durant ended this, aiming for each division to target a specific buyer class. Buick was positioned below the Cadillac brand. To conserve resources, Buick vehicles shared the GM A platform with Chevrolet, Oakland, Oldsmobile, and Cadillac. Buick also participated in automobile racing, winning the first race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 1907, the Buick Model D, a full-size car with a four-cylinder 255.0 cu in (4,178 cc) T-head engine and rear-wheel drive, was introduced, marking one of Buick's few side-valve engine cars.

In 1910, Buick introduced the Model 10 with an OHV four-cylinder engine. In 1911, the Buick Six, its first closed-body car, appeared, featuring a body style first seen at Cadillac and four years ahead of Ford. This car was built at the new factory in Flint, later known as Buick City. During the 1920s, Buick produced various sized vehicles, using numerical series designations in some years and lettered designations later. The Buick Master Six was one of its larger straight-six vehicles. The Model 10 was phased out during a restructuring initiated by GM's new leadership on November 15, 1910.

In the 1910s and 1920s, Buick was a prestige brand in the Republic of China, with its vehicles used by high-level politicians and the Emperor. The Emperor imported two Buick cars in 1924, marking the first automobiles to enter China. By 1930, Buick claimed one-sixth of the total cars in the country. Today, Buick sells 80% of its production in the People's Republic of China and is a minor player in Taiwan.

In 1929, as part of General Motors' companion make program, Buick Motor Division launched the Marquette sister brand, intended to bridge the price gap between Buick and Oldsmobile. Marquette styling featured a high peaked hood and radiator shell, and its suspension used four parallel semi-elliptical springs with Delco-Lovejoy shock absorbers. Marquette was discontinued in 1930. Starting in 1926, all Buick, Marquette, Viking, and Oldsmobile products shared the newly introduced GM B platform.

For the 1931 model year, Buick debuted two significant advancements: the OHV Buick Straight-8 engine and a synchromesh transmission in all models except the Series 50. The Straight-8 was offered in three displacements: a 220 cubic inch unit (bore 2 7/8 in., stroke 4.25 in.) producing 77 brake HP in the Series 50; a 272 cu. in. unit (bore 3 1/16 in., stroke 5 in.) yielding 90 brake HP in the Series 60; and a 344 cu. in. version (bore 3 5/16 in., stroke 5 in.) for 104 brake HP in the Series 80 and 90. Cadillac had previously introduced the Cadillac Type 51 with a flathead V8 engine in 1915, establishing eight-cylinder engines as a luxury feature. Automatic vacuum-operated spark advance replaced the steering column-mounted spark lever, though an emergency lever was dash-mounted. In 1939, Buick became the first company to introduce turn signals, which did not appear on other car brands for almost another decade. All 1939 models also featured a steering column-mounted shift lever.

In the mid-1930s, British monarch Edward VIII purchased McLaughlin-Buicks, preferring the Canadian-built vehicles. Buicks were also used for royal transport within Canada, including for King George VI and Queen Elizabeth during their 1939 royal tour. During the 1920s and 1930s, Cadillac and Buick vehicles were popular with long-distance passenger service operators, such as the Nairn Transport Company in the Middle East (Baghdad-Damascus).

The 1940 model year marked the first use of the "Estate" designation for Buick on the Super station wagon. World War II halted automobile production in 1942. From that year, Buick produced the M18 Hellcat tank destroyer and supplied radial engines for the B-24 Liberator, Douglas C-47 Skytrain, and Douglas C-54 Skymaster. Automobile production resumed by the fall of 1945. In 1948, Buick first offered the Dynaflow automatic transmission. 1949 saw the debut of Buick's VentiPorts.

1953 marked Buick's 50th anniversary and the introduction of the Buick V8 engine and the Roadmaster Skylark. In 1955, Buick surpassed Plymouth to become the third-largest brand in vehicles sold, its best postwar result, retaining the spot for 1956. It also achieved its best model year sales to date with 738,814 vehicles sold, a record that stood until 1977. In 1957, Buick's new 364 cu. in. engine block and ball joint front suspension debuted, and Roadmasters featured aluminum finned brake drums. However, due to an economic cooldown, Buick fell to fourth place again in 1957. 1959 saw the introduction of three new models: Electra, Invicta, and LeSabre, along with a new 401 cu. in. V8 engine in the Electra and Invicta. An Electra also paced the Indianapolis 500 race that year.

An Electra 225 paced the Daytona 500 race in both 1960 and 1963. In 1961, a new Fireball V6 engine was introduced, and the Skylark nameplate returned as the top model of the new Special compact car line. The Buick Special was named Motor Trend Car of the Year in 1962. Also in 1962, Wildcat was introduced as a trim level on Invicta and became its own model the following year. In 1963, the Riviera was introduced as its own model. In the mid-1960s, Buick began officially selling German-built Opel cars through its North American dealerships. For 1967, radial tires became available as an option on all full-size Buicks.

The 1970s saw several new models added to the Buick lineup, including the Estate Wagon as its own model in 1970, Centurion in 1971, Apollo in 1973, and Skyhawk in 1975. 1975 also marked the first appearance of the "Park Avenue" nameplate for Buick as a trim/option package on the Electra 225 Limited. A Buick Century paced the Indianapolis 500 race twice in the mid-1970s. In 1976, Buick began selling rebadged Isuzu Geminis as Opels, replacing the Opel Kadett models it had previously marketed. The following year, the Electra 225 and LeSabre were redesigned and downsized, and the Buick brand achieved its best model year sales to date with 773,313 vehicles sold. 1978 marked Buick's 75th anniversary and welcomed a redesigned Century and a redesigned Regal coupe, which was now available with a turbocharged V6 engine. Buick model year sales broke another record in 1978 with 795,316 vehicles sold. In 1979, the Riviera was redesigned, and the Riviera S-Type was named Motor Trend Car of the Year.

In the 1980s, Buick's lineup underwent several changes, including the downsizing of various models. In 1980, Lloyd Reuss was appointed general manager and further promoted Buick into turbocharging, racing, and performance production cars, building momentum that continued for several years after his departure in 1984, when he moved to a brief term as GM president. Also in 1980, a Diesel engine became available on select Buick models, and Somerset was introduced as an optional package on the Regal Limited. In 1981, the T-Type performance trim was introduced on the Riviera. The Regal was the official pace car of the Indianapolis 500 race in 1981. In 1982, the Grand National high-performance package was first offered on the Regal, helping Buick return to its #3 sales spot after 26 years. A soft-top Riviera contributed to the return of the convertible, which had disappeared from domestic lineups in 1976. The following year, a Riviera convertible with a twin-turbo V6 paced the Indy 500. Also in 1983, Buick had its best model year to date with 810,435 vehicles sold and remained in #3 place.

In 1984, Buick was the official car of the XXIII Olympiad. A reorganization split manufacturing and engineering from sales and marketing. The first pilot Buick was produced at "Buick City," a state-of-the-art assembly center built within Buick's home plant in Flint. Buick achieved its best model year sales to date with 906,626 vehicles sold, and Buick's worldwide sales topped one million for the first time. Lloyd Reuss concluded his tenure as general manager of the Buick Motor Division in 1984.

For the 1985 model year, Buick introduced the downsized sixth-generation Electra, which were GM's first front-drive, transverse-engine, full-size unibody cars. They were initially powered by a carbureted 3.0-liter Buick V6 engine, a fuel-injected 3.8-liter Buick V6 engine, or a 4.3-liter Oldsmobile diesel V6 engine. Each was mated to a 4-speed automatic transmission with a 0.70:1 overdrive gear. The 3.0-liter V6 and 4.3-liter diesel V6 were discontinued after 1985. From 1985 through 1989, the Electra name also continued on the rear-wheel-drive B-body "Estate" station wagon. Also in 1985, Buick introduced the Somerset as its own model. Buick-powered cars won the pole and second position in qualifying for the Indianapolis 500. Over the next few years, Buick engines set a number of stock-block records and twice powered a third or more of the 33-car Indy 500 field (11 in 1990 and 12 in 1992). 1985 was the final year for the rear-drive LeSabre before its downsizing and conversion to front-wheel-drive for 1986 (sedans and coupes only; the rear-drive LeSabre Estate Wagon continued largely unchanged for a few more years). The top-line LeSabre Limited became the LeSabre Limited Collectors Edition to mark the end of an era for the rear-wheel-drive coupe and sedan; engine offerings included the standard 231 V6 (sedans and coupes) or optional Olds 307 V8 or Oldsmobile 350 diesel V8. 1985 saw Buick's best model year sales to date with 915,336 vehicles sold.

In 1986, the LeSabre was introduced on the new front-wheel-drive H platform, departing from the rear-wheel-drive GM B platform. The Oldsmobile Delta 88 also joined the LeSabre on the H-body. Like the previously introduced Electra, the LeSabre's hood was hinged at the front of the car instead of near the cowl and windshield. Its styling did not include Buick's long-standing VentiPorts or Sweepspear styling cues. In 1986, a LeSabre Grand National model was built to qualify the coupe body style for NASCAR competition; fewer than 120 units were made, all finished in black with a gray interior.

Also for 1986, the E-body Riviera was converted to unibody construction and further downsized to a 108 in (2,700 mm) wheelbase, similar in length to the Buick Regal. The V6 was now the sole engine, initially rated at 142 hp (106 kW) SAE and 200 lb⋅ft (270 N⋅m) of torque. It used the Turbo-Hydramatic 440-T4 automatic with a 2.84:1 final drive ratio. This generation was noted for advanced electronic instrumentation displayed on a dash-mounted 9-inch (230 mm) CRT, which controlled the climate control system and stereo, and provided instrumentation such as a trip computer and maintenance reminder. Four-wheel disc brakes were standard. With a choice of three suspension packages, up to the performance-oriented FE3 setting, handling was notably improved. The Riviera placed fourth in Motor Trend's 1986 Car of the Year contest. Fuel economy improved for the 1986 Riviera, but the investment in the downsized, transverse engine front-wheel-drive platform resulted in a substantial price increase, from $19,831 for the base model to $21,577 for the new T-Type. Downsizing also led to dimensional similarity with smaller, less expensive GM offerings. The smaller dimensions, generic styling, and lack of a V8 caused Riviera sales to plummet to 22,138 for 1986.

In 1987, the last of the turbo/intercooled Regal Grand Nationals, often called the quickest American cars, were offered, along with 547 even quicker special edition '87 GNXs. This was also the last year for the rear-wheel-drive Regal. General manager Ed Mertz promoted the new "Premium American Motorcars" theme, focusing Buick marketing on the qualities that made the marque famous.

In 1988, Buick was the official car of the U.S. Olympic Team. The Reatta two-seater was introduced, followed two years later by a convertible. Also in 1988, the Regal was downsized and converted to front-wheel drive. Bobby Allison won the Daytona 500 in a Regal that year. 1988 also saw the debut of the slogan "The Great American Road Belongs to Buick."

In 1989, a new Electra trim level, the Park Avenue Ultra, was offered. The Ultra was an upgrade to the Electra Park Avenue, featuring a standard leather-trimmed interior with dual 20-way power front seats (shared with Cadillac's restyled 1989 Fleetwood Sixty Special), lower-body accent exterior paint treatment, a distinctive thick-padded vinyl top with limousine-style rear-window surround (available only on Ultra), simulated burled elm trim on the doors and instrument panel, unique aluminum wheels, anti-lock brakes, chromed B-pillar moldings, specific grille and tail lamps, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, electronic instrumentation, a padded glove-compartment door, unique interior door panel trim, and other minor changes. With its extensive standard equipment, the Park Avenue Ultra had a higher base price than Cadillac's Sedan de Ville. The Riviera was also restyled for 1989, adding 11 inches to its overall length. In the late 1980s, the Flint-built LeSabre ranked #1 in North America and #2 globally in a major independent quality study, leading Buick to change its ad slogan from "The Great American Road Belongs to Buick" to "Buick: The New Symbol for Quality in America."

In 1990, the first Reatta convertible was produced. 1990 was also the last year for the Electra, as Park Avenue, previously an Electra trim level, became its own model for the 1991 model year. In 1991, Buick led the industry in improvement in sales and market share. A new four-door Regal came to market for 1991, the first Regal sedan since 1984. Buick also introduced a supercharged 3.8-liter V6 in the Park Avenue Ultra. Supercharging became so popular at Buick that by the new millennium, Buick was the leading marketer and industry leader of supercharged cars. 1991 saw the return of the Roadmaster after a 33-year absence. The Roadmaster was initially offered as a wagon only, with a sedan added for 1992.

For 1992, the popular LeSabre was redesigned along the same lines as the previous year's Park Avenue. 1992 also saw the introduction of a new, redesigned Skylark. In 1993, a special edition LeSabre was sold to commemorate Buick's 90th anniversary. In addition to Custom trim level standard equipment, it included "90th Anniversary" badging, a cassette player, cruise control, a rear-window defogger, a power driver's seat, carpeted floor mats, exterior pinstripes, and a choice of wire or aluminum wheel covers.

In 1995, after a hiatus in 1994, the Riviera returned with radical styling that departed from the previous generations' more traditional image. A 205 hp (153 kW) naturally aspirated 3800 V6 was standard, with a supercharged version rated at 225 hp (168 kW) and 275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) available as an option. Rivieras were now assembled in Lake Orion, Michigan, riding the same Cadillac-derived G platform as the 4-door Oldsmobile Aurora.

In 1996, both the Roadmaster sedan and wagon were discontinued. In 1998, after 95 years in Flint, Buick's headquarters moved to Detroit. Bob Coletta, Buick general manager, oversaw the first Chinese Buick rolling off the line at Shanghai before handing the top Buick job to Roger Adams. The Buick Gallery and Research Center opened at Flint's Sloan Museum. A reorganization of the division split sales from marketing.

In 1999, the last of nearly 16 million Buicks were built in Flint's Buick City. The last car, a 1999 LeSabre, rolled off the assembly line on June 29 that year. In a major independent quality study, Buick ranked #2 (and top domestic) among 37 international brands, and Buick City shared the top world position among automotive assembly plants. With sales of all coupes declining in the North American market, GM decided to discontinue the Riviera. 1999 was the car's last model year, with production ceasing on November 25, 1998. The final 200 cars featured special silver paint and trim and were denoted "Silver Arrow" models, a designation harkening back to several Silver Arrow show cars built off Riviera bodies by Bill Mitchell. The eighth-generation Rivieras received the most powerful V6 Buick engine since the Grand Nationals of the 1980s. The supercharged OHV V6 allowed the car to accelerate from 0 to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) in under 7 seconds, complete the 1⁄4 mile in 15.5 seconds, and achieve MPG fuel efficiency ratings of 18 city/27 highway.

In the 2000s, Buick's lineup shifted, abandoning compact and performance segments in favor of the growing crossover/SUV market. In 2000, Buick entered the new millennium with a redesigned LeSabre (the best-selling U.S. full-size car for eight straight years) and a more powerful Century. Since the first Detroit experimental car of 1899–1900 and the first Flint production car of 1904, over 35 million Buicks had been built. The 2000 LeSabre, introduced in March 1999, was built on GM's G platform, though GM continued to refer to it as the H platform. The LeSabre was manufactured at GM's Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly factory in Hamtramck, Michigan, and Lake Orion Assembly, in Lake Orion, Michigan. Changes with the redesign included a new grille that did not open with the hood and slightly smaller exterior dimensions. Despite its somewhat smaller exterior size, it offered similar interior room and more trunk space than the previous model. 2001 saw Buick's first entry into the crossover market with the introduction of the Rendezvous as a 2002 model. In 2003, the Buick Centieme crossover concept car commemorated Buick Motor Division's 100th anniversary. Some of the Centieme's exterior design and interior features later appeared on the 2008 Enclave crossover. In 2004, Buick added the Rainier mid-size SUV, and the new Terraza minivan was added a year later.

In subsequent years, Buick began consolidating its North American lineup, reducing it to just three models by 2008: the LaCrosse/Allure, the Lucerne, and the new-for-2008 Enclave. The Super name also returned after a 50-year absence as a new performance trim level on the LaCrosse and Lucerne. The brand's total overall sales in the United States declined, and with a reputation for primarily appealing to older buyers, rumors circulated throughout this decade that the Buick marque would be discontinued. The profitability of the model lineup and popularity in China ensured Buick's future within General Motors, leading to the decision to discontinue the Pontiac brand instead.

Since 2005, GM had gradually consolidated Buick with GMC and former Pontiac dealerships to create the current Buick-GMC network. During General Motors' Chapter 11 reorganization and emergence in 2009, the company designated Buick as a "core brand," citing the division's success in China. Behind the scenes, GM began to move products originally planned for other brands to Buick. The Opel Insignia, for example, was originally intended to become the second-generation Saturn Aura but instead became the new Buick Regal. In the 2009 J.D. Power and Associates Vehicle Dependability Study, Buick tied with Jaguar as the most dependable brand in the United States.

The 2010s included the return of a classic Buick nameplate, the Buick Regal, and several new model names. The decade also saw the brand's first hatchback since 1987, its first factory convertible since 1991, and its first station wagon since 1996. Buick further expanded its presence in the popular crossover/SUV market in the 2010s.

In January 2009, Buick unveiled the new 2010 LaCrosse sedan, an all-new styling direction that incorporated traditional Buick cues. The market responded positively to the LaCrosse, and reviews favorably compared it to luxury models such as the Lexus ES. In 2010, Buick became the fastest-growing automotive brand in America and attracted a younger customer demographic. A GM company spokesman at the time stated that Buick was positioned as a "premium" marque (entry-level luxury) to compete with various Acura, Infiniti, Lexus, and Volvo models, while Cadillac targeted the "luxury" performance segment, including brands like BMW and Mercedes-Benz.

An all-new Regal sedan, a smaller model based on the European Opel Insignia, was re-introduced for the 2011 model year after a seven-year absence. For 2012, the all-new Verano, a compact sedan based on the Chevrolet Cruze, joined the lineup. Additionally, the performance-oriented Regal GS officially went on sale and became the first Buick in almost 20 years to be offered with a manual transmission and a turbocharger. Buick also entered the hybrid market with the introduction of eAssist technology on the 2012 LaCrosse and Regal, which improved fuel economy ratings by as much as 38% over the regular gas-engine versions. Meanwhile, sales of the Enclave crossover remained strong. In January 2012, the all-new Encore mini crossover was unveiled at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Also in 2012, a turbocharged version of the Verano was introduced, and the Enclave was redesigned for the 2013 model year. In 2013, GM confirmed plans for a "hybrid global brand" that includes Opel/Vauxhall and Buick, utilizing more synergies between the brands. The LaCrosse and Regal were refreshed for the 2014 model year. In 2015, the all-new Cascada subcompact convertible debuted at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. The all-new 2017 LaCrosse was shown at the 2015 Los Angeles Auto Show in November 2015, as a 2017 model. Buick also confirmed that the Envision compact crossover would be sold in North America starting summer 2016. The Verano compact sedan was dropped from the Buick lineup in North America in 2017. With GM selling off the Opel/Vauxhall division to PSA Group in March 2017, Buick is expected to move away from sharing Opel models/designs upon the completion of the current generation vehicles.

For 2018, Buick replaced the Regal sedan with an all-new model offering hatchback and station wagon body styles. This new Regal was the first hatchback from Buick for the North American market since the 1987 Skyhawk and the first station wagon since the 1996 Roadmaster. A sub-brand was also added in 2018 to accompany Buick, with the Avenir badge applied to its top-of-the-line level trims, utilizing the same strategy as GMC's successful Denali sub-brand. 2019 was the last year for the Cascada convertible globally and the LaCrosse sedan for the North American market.

New for 2020 was the Encore GX crossover, which slotted between the existing Encore and Envision. The Regal hatchback and station wagon were discontinued for the North American market in 2020.

In June 2022, Buick Global Chief Duncan Aldred announced that Buick would transition its entire line-up to electric vehicles by 2030. As part of that plan, all Buick dealers would be given the opportunity to take a buyout rather than switch to all-electric. Aldred explained that the transition to electric would require considerable investment in upgrading dealer facilities, and not all dealers would be willing to make the financial commitment. Aldred also pointed out that most Buick dealers also sold other GM products, so accepting the buyout would not necessarily result in a dealership closing. Once Buick's top-selling model in North America, the Encore was discontinued in 2022 as more customers favored the larger Encore GX, introduced for 2020, which became Buick's new top seller. In 2023, the Envista launched for the 2024 model year.

For the 2026 model year, Buick's North American lineup consists of the Envista and Encore GX subcompact crossovers, the Envision compact crossover, and the Enclave mid-size crossover.

David Dunbar Buick (1903–1904)

William C. Durant (1904–1910)

Charles W. Nash (1910–1916)

Walter P. Chrysler (1917–1919)

Harry H. Bassett (1919–1926)

Edward T. Strong (1927–1933)

Harlow H. Curtice (1933–1948)

Ivan L. Wiles (1948–1956)

Edward T. Ragsdale (1956–1959)

Edward D. Rollert (1